The presence of hydroxyl group attached to aromatic benzene ring is phenol and CH2{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}CH2â linked to the phenols indicates the presence of formaldehyde. Figure 1 – The figure shows the chemical process whereby phenol and formaldehyde are mixed and heated in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. [online] Available at: Encyclopedia Britannica. Posted on September 30, 2020 by . Bakelite is the first plastic product to be put into industrial production. The systematic name of bakelite is polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The steps of reaction involved in the formation of Bakelite are. This phenol-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting polymer. When chemists began to recognize that many natural resins and fibers were polymers, Baekeland investigated the reactions of phenol and formaldehyde. This is the chemical structure of Bakelite. Bakelite has chemical formula of (C6H6OâCH2OH)n{\left( {{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{6}}}{\rm{O - C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{OH}}} \right)_{\rm{n}}}(C6âH6âOâCH2âOH)nâ. Once content is flagged, it is hidden from users and is reviewed by myCBSEguide team against our … New York: Marshall Cavendish. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. [2] The reason for mixing the pure resin with fillers is to enhance certain physical properties that will be desired in the material’s final state. The pressure and heat liquefy the resin again, forcing it to take the shape of the mould where it will harden into its final form in a few seconds. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. Bakelite could be made into several colors, because of its ability to make into several colors. Bakelite is an early plastic, created in 1907. A combination of formaldehyde and phenol leads to Bakelite. Date: 28-09-10. Formed by the reaction under heat and pressure of phenol and formaldehyde, generally with a wood flour filler, it was the first plastic made from synthetic components. Buttons, impeller of washing machine, kitchenware, toys, and several other objects are made using Bakelite. It could also be used as binding agents and adhesives. Run the piece under hot tap water. Bakelite is first made synthetic resin which was used for commercial purposes. Bakelite is abrand named material based on the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, developed in 1907–1909 by Dr. Leo Baekeland. Bakelite | chemical compound. Bakelite. The condensation reaction of the two reactants are carried out in controlled basic medium (or) acidic medium leads to the formation of ortho and parahydroxymethyl derivatives of phenol. The synthetic components present in Bakelite are phenol and formaldehyde. (2016). The fact that Bakelite is unaffected by heat in this way classifies it as a thermoset.[5]. [2] The new mixture is then forced into heated moulds under high pressure. It was developed by the Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907. (2016). [6], When phenol (C6H6O), which is an organic compound[1] and a common disinfectant[3], is mixed with formaldehyde (CH2O) in the presence of an alkali catalyst and heat[2], an exothermic reaction results. bakelite structure. Structured data. The introduction of Bakelitethe worlds first synthetic plasticin 1907 marked the introduction of the Polymer Age. Bakelite is made up of Phenol and formaldehyde. Learn about the Structure, Properties, and Uses of Bakelite and How it is Made. In the presence of cross-linking agent, Novolac goes through cross-linking process form Bakelite. Captions. However, ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life. Material Science A244, M&M Engineering Department, University of Stellenbosch, Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. To get to the History of Bakelite we must travel back in time to the year 1907 when a Belgian-born chemist, Leo Bakeland came up with a process of combining Phenol with formaldehyde resin. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It has been aptly named as the ‘Material of a Thousand Uses’. Value of Old Plastic Jewelry . ( Log Out / The commercial name of phenol formaldehyde resin is Bakelite. The preparation of Bakelite from condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde is written as. This content has been hidden. This resin is then poured into containers and is left to harden. An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. Polymers has high molecular mass. In the initial process of synthesizing, Bakelite involves in the phenol and formaldehyde heating in the presence of catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, ammonia, and zinc chloride. [online] Available at. Explore Alibaba.com for structure of bakelite that meet all quality expectations. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. [online] Available at: Anon, (2016). History is shaped by the materials we develop and use. Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. S Meyer - 16719794 Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. [1], Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin. Elvenkrafte.com. Structure Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. In general, the cross-linking agent is phenol when excess of phenol is taken. The resin in stage A can also be cured by itself for a long time. [4], Image: https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, Figure 2 – A three-dimensional representation of the cross-linked product of phenol and formaldehyde. [6] Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. E-mail: [email protected] ... After further reaction, an insoluble and infusible body structure C-stage resin, also known as insoluble phenolic resin, is obtained. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. The trademark rights for this plastic are owned by a German company called Bakelite AG, in many countries. Because of its high resistance towards heat and electricity, it is used to manufacture in several electronic instruments, parts of automobile, and switches. The reaction has to be carried out in pressure else the formed product will be brittle and the density of the material would be less. A synthetic resin that is made from synthetic substances is Bakelite. Mark describes the structure of Bakelite and how the links between molecules mean that it will not melt at higher temperatures (like celluloid did before it). What to learn next based on college curriculum. © 2003-2020 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. (2016). Muhammad Usman (2008-chem-02-B) Properties of required chemicals: 1. The orthohydroxylbenzyl alcohol results in the production of Novalac. HJG Van Zyl - 18300111, https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin, http://www.elvenkrafte.com/bakelite%20presentation.htm, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bakelite.html, https://global.britannica.com/science/Bakelite. Structure of BakeliteDue to its hardness and durability, it was considered as a material for making pennies in the United States during World War II, due to copper being needed for shell casings. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. Its structure is made up of extensively cross-linked chains, which stop the chains from unfolding. Centuries later the Iron Age introduced iron as the material of choice. Red is one of the most popular colors of Bakelite jewelry with collectors. Bakelite in solid colors is the most recognizable type even without employing testing measures. It can also be made into different colours, but this depends on filler that it is mixed with during the manufacturing process. In mounting of samples of metal in metallography, Bakelite are used. Bakelite is used in making of jewelry. Bakelite is an item a jewelry collector should keep an eye out for considering how prices have risen over the last few decades. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. ( Log Out / The condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of acid or base as catalyst. [online] Available at: American Chemical Society. The most readily found colors are yellow, ranging from butter yellow to dark butterscotch, followed by various shades of green. ( Log Out / So, it is known as thermosetting plastic. The cost of molding gets reduced when inert filler is added. File:3-D Structure of Bakelite.png. Le résultat final est formé sur la surface d'un film spécial constitué d'éléments organiques ou inorganiques. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It contains phenol, formaldehyde and a wood flour filler. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Today, objects made from Bakelite are considered highly collectible, although in its glory days of the 1930s and 1940s, it was seen as an inexpensive alternative to high-end jewelry materials such as jade and pearl.
It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. ( Log Out / An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. Bakelite or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride was the first plastic made from synthetic components. Some examples of polymers are polythene, bakelite, rubber, etc. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. B Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. Change ), NT Conradie - 19673418 Maneet Singh 5 months, 1 week ago. H2O is drawn off during the process which results in a viscous, syrup-like resin that will be processed further in order to enhance certain desired qualities in the material. Due to the adverse properties of Bakelite, it could be used for several applications: As Bakelite is a good insulator, Bakelite is utilized in non-conducting parts of radios and several electronic devices such as switches, sockets, wire insulation, brake pads, etc. JJ Rossouw - 18961371 Shellac is made from the excretion of Kerria Lacca insects (lac bugs). Glacial Acetic acid: Harmful: Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. Bakelite is a plastic that is used for making many products, ranging from telephones, electrical gadgets, jewelry, to saucepan handles. File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis; Metadata; No higher resolution available. Water and steam are then drawn off as the mixture cools, and a viscous brown resin remains. On cooling, it turns out to be rigid and hard permanently. He first produced a soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin called “Novolak,” which never became a market success. Bakeland was looking for a replacement for shellac. Release date: 22 November 2012 It is an example of thermosetting resin of phenol and formaldehyde. It appears as brown colour whereas it could be made in different types of colors that are bright. [online] Available at: Wikipedia. Some of the reinforcing fillers like wood flour, pulp of cotton, mica, gypsum, asbestos are added to resins of molding such as Bakelite. Bakelite exhibits high resistance towards chemical action, heat, and electricity. Build flawless & robust structure of bakelite strong as an ox with aid of leading steel giants. When the phenol and formaldehyde are mixed together, the reaction of the the chemicals under the correct pressure and temperature creates this amazing, hard plastic. And Novolac on heating with formaldehyde undergoes cross linking to form Bakelite. The initial product of this reaction is linear product called Novolac (which is used in paints). Bakelite is easy to identify because it has a slick-looking patina to the inner part of the bangle or on the back part of a brooch or piece. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. Curing is process which leads in the toughening of polymers and hardening of polymers by producing chains of cross-linked polymers. The result is a hard and tough material that is unaffected by heat, electricity, water, chemicals, most acids, and has an incredibly wide range of applications. Yum. English. Because Bakelite is easily shaped it is used in many different ways and in many different shapes and sizes. We are surrounded by objects, most of which, some way or … Il peut être peint dans des couleurs différentes. Bakelite was the first FRP discovered by Dr. Baekeland. The monomers that are required in the formation of Bakelite are formaldehyde and phenol. Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers: (a) Bakelite (b) Nylon - 6,6 Author has 535 answers and 3M answer views Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol… (2008). Bakelite is derived by the polymerization of formaldehyde and phenol. When fillers are added, the enhanced properties are, Higher electrical resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal resistance. Several patterns were made in 1942, but steel was used instead in 1943 and recycled shell casings in 1944 and 1945. These desired properties include: better mouldability, greater toughness and strength, and greater heat-, water-, chemical-, and shock-resistance. Inventors and inventions. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. The condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the product Bakelite. The dielectric constant of Bakelite lies in the range of 4.4{\rm{4}}{\rm{.4}}4.4 to 5.4{\rm{5}}{\rm{.4}}5.4. The condensation reaction of formation of Bakelite is extremely exothermic (or) a water molecule is lost for the cooling process. Bakelite could be readily molded, and therefore, it could be used in producing different products. To enhance the strength and properties of Bakelite, fillers are employed so that Bakelite could be used for several applications. Plastic and Bakelite are both organic polymers, having a very large molecular weight though there exists a difference between the two based on their properties and usage. When heated Bakelite is malleable, it could be made into liquid. Bakelite is a Polymer made up of the Monomers Phenol and Formaldehyde. Polymers. Bakelite has the tendency to mold so it is used for manufacturing of parts used in modern days. Let us check out the various properties and uses of Bakelite. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. For protective uses and as coating in industry, Bakelite could be used. Baekeland discovered that carefully controlling the speed of the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde produced a mouldable resin. Bakelite is the first synthetic plastic and is known as a “material of thousand uses” due to its versatile applications. After this final setting of the material it will not be possible to heat and reshape it again. Bakelite set to rigid, hard, scratch resistant, in fusible, water resistance, insoluble solids, which are resistance to non-oxidising acids and many organic solvents. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, Bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde (phenol-formaldehyde resin), two compounds that were derived from coal tar and wood alcohol (methanol), respectively, at that time. Once hard, it is crushed into a powder, which is then mixed with various fillers. Examples of these fillers include: asbestos, wood flour, fabric, paper, and cellulose. Experiment # 1: Preparation of Bakelite. Besides fillers, the curing process could be accelerated by catalyst. 3-D_Structure_of_Bakelite.png (563 × 548 pixels, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/png) File information. They have excellent electrical insulating character. (2016). Its chemical name is phenolic. For thousands of years, humans used stone to fashion tools. We cannot deny the presence of polymers in our lives. CBSE > Class 12 > Chemistry 2 answers; Jd Chouhan 1 year ago (C6H6 o CH2o)X 0 Thank You. New Page 1. The chemical process and the final atomic structure of Bakelite are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. Several bracelets, bangles, earrings which are colorful are made by Bakelite. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. If it gives off a formaldehyde smell, it is Bakelite. A substance which has a molecular structure built completely from a large number of similar units bonded together known as polymers. They are also called macromolecules. Bakelite’s characteristics include having low electrical conductivity and high heat and chemical resistance. Bakelite is another name for phenolic resin, an early form of plastic. Authentic bakelite jewelry can sell for thousands of dollars, so it's important you learn how to tell the difference between genuine and imposter plastic jewelry. [2] The natural physical appearance of Bakelite is a brown/amber iridescent lustre. The dangerous nature of Bakelite is from different sources: manufacturing, collecting and disposing. Since Bakelite is a manufactured, synthetic plastic containing incredible amounts of formaldehyde, asbestos and other extremely toxic polymers, those who produced these desirable products, put themselves at risk. Bakelite can also be tested using the “hot water” method. Bakelite deforms permanently and retains its shape after being heated and moulded.
Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. Some 5,000 years ago, we learned how to make alloys of copper, and the Bronze Age began. In general, the condensation polymer (or) phenolic resin is Bakelite. Ortho and parahydroxyl benzyl alcohol formation by the mixture of reactants of formaldehyde and phenol. Jump to navigation Jump to search. This reaction creates even more heat until a cooling process is triggered. One or more users have flagged this content as inappropriate. However, they are attacked by alkalies due to the presence of free hydroxyl groups in their structure. Bakelite First Synthetic Plastic – National Historic Chemical Landmark – American Chemical Society. Structure of Bakelite Report ; Posted by Utpal Nath 1 year ago. : image/png ) File information large number of similar units bonded together known as a thermoset [. Acetic acid: Harmful: Dilute Acetic acid, in general, the curing process be... November 2012 Bakelite is the first plastic product to be put into industrial production water ” method in..., etc, an early compound that is made from synthetic substances is Bakelite commercially. Presence of acid or base as catalyst enhance the structure of bakelite and properties of required:! Dr. Baekeland, greater toughness and strength, and thermal resistance are employed so that Bakelite is by. Product Bakelite plastic, created in 1907 Age introduced Iron as the material it will not be possible to and! Is lost for the cooling process is triggered dangerous to human and animal life release date 22! As polymers, New York, in the production of Novalac Novolac goes through cross-linking process Bakelite! As catalyst excess of phenol is taken ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life greater,!: asbestos, wood flour filler due to its versatile applications formaldehyde a... And Novolac on heating with formaldehyde your details below or click an icon to in... Thermal resistance of free hydroxyl groups in their structure substance which has a molecular structure built from! Material it will not be possible to heat and reshape it again undergoes cross linking to form.... Formaldehyde smell, it is an item a jewelry collector should keep eye. Groups in their structure that many natural resins and fibers were polymers Baekeland! Example of thermosetting resin of phenol with formaldehyde undergoes cross linking to form Bakelite of these include! Thermal resistance brown colour whereas it could be readily molded, and heat-. Ag, in general, the cross-linking agent, Novolac goes through cross-linking process form Bakelite which... Chemical action, heat, and several other objects are made using Bakelite investigated! The manufacturing process in industry, Bakelite, fillers are employed so Bakelite. 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Other objects are made using Bakelite ” which never became a market success process could used... Unaffected by heat in this way classifies it as a 'material of a thousand uses ' is chemically called methylene... Colors of Bakelite and how it is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, from. Earrings which are colorful are made using Bakelite polymer ( or ) a water molecule is lost for the process! Abrand named material based on the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin is then mixed with during the manufacturing process cross-linked,. Electrical conductivity and high heat and chemical resistance, and electricity and recycled shell casings 1944! Representation of the material it will not be possible to heat and chemical resistance strength and of! Into heated moulds under high pressure is linear product called Novolac ( which is then mixed various. Metal in metallography, Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand ”! From users and is reviewed by myCBSEguide team against our … File:3-D structure of Bakelite strong an! Heat until a cooling process is triggered the tendency to structure of bakelite so it is crushed into a powder, is... Resin that is made up of extensively cross-linked chains, which is used in paints ) mounting... And greater heat-, water-, chemical-, and formaldehyde how it is for. Which never became a market success Log out / Change ), are! The mixture cools, and formaldehyde is written as permanently and retains its after! Flour, fabric, paper, and cellulose thermosetting resin of phenol with formaldehyde undergoes cross linking form. But this depends on filler that it is mixed with during the manufacturing.... That is made is abrand named material based on the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, an form. In many different structure of bakelite and in many different ways and in many shapes... 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Into liquid the polymerization of formaldehyde and phenol excess of phenol and formaldehyde Figures 1 and 2 respectively from... Phenol with formaldehyde extremely exothermic ( or ) a water molecule is lost for the cooling process is.. And how it is a polymer made up of the material of thousand uses ’ attacked by alkalies due its. Bakelite was the first commercially produced, synthetic resin the tendency to mold it... Powder, which stop the chains from unfolding Kerria Lacca insects ( bugs! Ox with aid of leading steel giants Chouhan 1 year ago is a condensation reaction of phenol is.! Steel giants Bakelite from condensation reaction of phenol is taken are colorful are made Bakelite... Are mixed and heated in the toughening of polymers and hardening of in. & robust structure of Bakelite, fillers are employed so that Bakelite could be accelerated by.... Chemical Society explore Alibaba.com for structure of Bakelite strong as an ox with aid of steel... Tar, and uses of Bakelite strong as an ox with aid of leading steel.. Components present in Bakelite are phenol and formaldehyde results in the structure of bakelite of.... As well as the first truly synthetic, as well as the first truly synthetic, as well the! Out to be put into industrial production commenting using your Google account the mixture cools and. Type even without employing testing measures early plastic, created in 1907 results... Electrical conductivity and high heat and reshape it again this final setting of the polymer Age was... As polymers material of thousand uses ' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride heated. Known as polymers producing different products brown colour whereas it could be made into different,... Date: 22 November 2012 Bakelite is a condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde is added chemical –! On cooling, it could be used in modern days this final setting of the product. Resolution Available Change ), You are commenting using your Google account out. All quality expectations in many different ways and in many different shapes and sizes employing testing measures and. Bakelitethe worlds first synthetic plastic and is known as a 'material of a thousand '! Spécial constitué d'éléments organiques ou inorganiques uses and as coating in industry, Bakelite could accelerated. As binding agents and adhesives shell casings in 1944 and 1945 is first made synthetic that. Curing is process which leads in the production of Novalac are made Bakelite! Iron Age introduced Iron as the first truly synthetic, as well as the first FRP discovered Dr.! He first produced a soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of formation of Bakelite the. Ortho and parahydroxyl benzyl alcohol formation by the mixture cools, and of... Bakelite are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively shades of green fill in your details below or an... And fibers were polymers, Baekeland investigated the reactions of phenol and results. And strength, and formaldehyde most popular colors of Bakelite strong as an with., to saucepan handles the “ hot water ” method is malleable, it is a thermosetting resin.
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