Film noir, (French: “dark film”) style of filmmaking characterized by such elements as cynical heroes, stark lighting effects, frequent use of flashbacks, intricate plots, and an underlying existentialist philosophy. A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances. Film Review Genre The film review is a popular way for critics to assess a film’s overall quality and determine whether or not they think the film is worth recommending. Critical: A reflective position on the meaning, biases or value messages of a text. First it’s important to watch the film carefully with a critical eye. Music heard by the characters in the film is called diegetic music. Sub-text. Existentialism is known for dealing with nihilistic problems, but is generally still a kind of anti-nihilism. Film/films is … Often the sub-text concerns ideas and emotions that are totally independent of the language of a text. English Language Learners Definition of film (Entry 2 of 2) : to make a movie of (something) : to photograph (an event, scene, etc.) with a movie or video camera : to make a movie See the full definition for film in the English Language Learners Dictionary This is the language spoken by Philip Marlowe, Sam Spade, Mike Hammer and the Continental Op. Definition of Character in Literature. The philosophy of film is now a firmly established subfield of contemporary philosophy of art. An abstract meaning that goes beyond what is explicitly stated in the film. Burke's work in communication spanned many fields and focused primarily on rhetoric. Telephoto lens, long lens. in making an argument. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines . What the audience sees and hears is denotative, it is what it is and they do not have to strive to recognize it. The style emerged from b&w B dramas of the 1940s and has been hugely influential on a number of directors -including Roman Polanski, whose 1974 film, Chinatown was created in the noir style.Film noir is often cynical in tone and visually early noir was influenced by the German … He is the co-editor of Race in American Film: Voices and Visions that Shaped a Nation, which Library Journal named a Best Reference work of 2017. Film Language: Sound SEMIOLOGY AND FILM THEORY. Film, also called motion picture or movie, series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, in particular as they communicate things spoken and unspoken. While ‘a concept signifies, a thing is expressive’, Metz points out (Metz 1974: 78. To perform their jobs, they must have an understanding of film and the language involved in the filming and editing process. Saber más. The language of cinema is the use of all the elements of a film to convey information and emotion. Definition of film noir written for English Language Learners from the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary with audio pronunciations, usage examples, and count/noncount noun labels. And like any other language, the more thoroughly you master it, the more effectively you can communicate. Writing, speech, and visual images all communicate within their own particular spheres. A. Alderman: A man’s pot belly; Ameche: Telephone; Ankle: In a full shot, a character is framed from head to toe. God creates everything and loves mankind. Metonymy Definition. The genre made up of such works. Film Production Terms to Remember 1. What does blue film mean? APERTURE – A measure of the width of the opening allowing light to enter a camera. He lives in Los Angeles and currently teaches “The Language of Filmmaking” for UCLA Extension. Cinema language is language which is used in movies in the form shots or visuals.The language of cinema starts with the shot. In film and video, a shot is a series of still image frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time. (1) as a verb, to record a scene or make (or lense) a motion picture; (2) as a noun, refers to a motion picture, or (3) the thin strip of material on the film negative (with a base and light-sensitive coating of emulsion) that is used to create images - through light exposure. To communicate effectively, it is not enough to have well organized ideas expressed in complete and coherent sentences and paragraphs. The art in a visual art consists of how those subjects are composed in space. This film is a perfect introduction to Jesus through the Gospel of Luke. The difference, is in the use of them. Cinematic language is the methods and conventions of cinema that are used to communicate with the audience. Body language is communication by movement or position, particularly facial expressions, gestures and the relative positions of a speaker and listener. At the same time these sounds and images are connotative and the way the scene is shot … Film Is A Visual Art A visual art expresses its subjects in space. Film definition: A film consists of moving pictures that have been recorded so that they can be shown at... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Film, like speech and writing, has a unique language. A painter composes with colour, shapes, and tones. Film Definitions Terms Credits. The definition of film is a thin layer or coating, or a movie. Learn more. In film language, sound is divided into two terms: • Diegetic sound has a physical origin in the film world (eg a character coughing or the radio playing) • Non-diegetic sound has no direct origin in the film world (eg the soundtrack or the voice of a narrator). Movie/movies is an American word. Watching the film. Information and translations of blue film in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. '"—Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, Times Literary Supplement "Modern film theory begins with Metz. Focus The sharpness of th image. Script Terms and Abbreviations. Film definition is - a thin skin or membranous covering : pellicle. To record on film or video using a movie camera (verb). Now, with the help of this glossary, you too can speak it like a native! Sometimes a reference to another recognizable pop culture item, an Easter egg is often put in place purely for entertainment purposes. Because of the optical phenomenon known as persistence of vision, this gives the illusion of actual, smooth, and continuous movement. . Again ensuring students link the various areas of the course together. Equipment. . Close. Allusion: A direct or indirect reference – through an image or through dialogue. Film analysis goes beyond the analysis of the film as literature to include camera angles, lighting, set design, sound elements, costume choices, editing, etc. Although actors are generally applauded for a movie’s success, a good film is not possible without directors, producers, and the people who operate the cameras, lighting rigs, and other sophisticated film-making equipment. The Language Of Film. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. Although scriptwriters sometimes feel an urge to indicate camera shots and angles on a script, this is an area that's best left to the judgment of the director.. See also: Film Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, published 1913 by G. & C. Merriam Co Translation modified). Learner's definition of FILM. ART DIRECTOR – The person responsible for the look and feel of the film’s set; responsible for set construction, design … Using lenses to ‘set the frame’ and so deciding what the audience will or will not see is a core principal of Cinematography. Film and video programs are efforts at communicating and just like speaking English, tapping out Morse code, or waving semaphores, there is a whole language that can be learned including words, phrases, grammar, punctuation, rules, and common practices. (fɪlm ) noun. This DVD contains a seven-minute English-language film sub-titled in all EU languages (one film/language). This is often also referred to as visual storytelling, although this is only one part of cinematic language. Film communicates meaning denotatively and connotatively. Effective Use of Language The Importance of Language. can be held to date from the publication in 1964 of the famous essay by Christian Metz, 'Le cinéma: langue ou langage? Convergence: The merging of previously separate communication industries such as publishing, computers, film, music and broadcasting, made possible by advances in technology. 1. Film Noir: Film noir is a dark and shadowy genre that deals with danger and moral ambiguity. A … What is the difference between movie, film and motion picture? In the first instance the film is not easily defined in terms of genre and therefore we cannot employ the usual set of conventions to predict what the film will be about and what part each character will play in the action. a celluloid film cut into pieces suitable for use in a camera. [+ object] : to make a movie of (something) : to photograph (an event, scene, etc.) 1 US Cinematographic film used to pre-record television programmes (rare). The score is extra-diegetic music composed for the film, designed to evoke the film’s desired mood for the audience. Existentialism is a way of thinking that focuses on what it means for people to exist.It is a philosophical movement.It became well-known in books and movies of the 19th and 20th centuries. Flash-forward On the model of the flashback, scenes or shots of future time; the future tense of the film. First published Wed Aug 18, 2004; substantive revision Thu Jul 30, 2015. A useful way to clarify the distinction is to consider the difference between a film in which a robbery is taking place and surveillance footage of an actual robbery. film script terminology. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one object or idea takes the place of another with which it has a close association. Definition of blue film in the Definitions.net dictionary. 1. That said, the high definition scans look wonderful, especially the portions filmed in the mid-1990s when the film was originally made, such as the interviews and ballpark shots. First published Wed Aug 18, 2004; substantive revision Thu Jul 30, 2015. AES3 is the protocol behind XLR cables, as well as RCA and S/PDIF cables. Language allows a … Over the Shoulder (OTS) A type of sequence shot or tracking shot where the camera follows a character by following them and shooting over their shoulder. The Film Language Glossary The Film Language Glossary’s emphasis is not only on scope but on content. Film language. Hot Brick – A walkie-talkie with a fully charged battery.. Legs or Sticks – Simple slang for a tripod.. Clapper – Oh my god you guys, so it turns out that black-and-white striped board that someone snaps in front of the camera before every take does have a name. film - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. The Film Language Glossary (FLG) is an online environment that illustrates the grammar and syntax of film by providing definitions of essential terms used in film scholarship and analysis. When Cagney, Bogart, Robinson and Raft got in a turf war, this is how they talked. Incendies (French: [ɛ̃sɑ̃di] (); "Fires") is a 2010 Canadian drama film directed by Denis Villeneuve, who co-wrote the screenplay with Valérie Beaugrand-Champagne.Adapted from Wajdi Mouawad's play of the same name, Incendies stars Lubna Azabal, Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin, Maxim Gaudette, and Rémy Girard.. The art in a visual art consists of how those subjects are composed in space. europadiary.eu Se tr ata d e u na película de si ete m in utos en in glés con subt ít ulos en cada u no de l os idiomas de la U E ( uno por víd eo ). The different possible meanings in media texts depend on two things. europadiary.eu Ce DVD c ompor te un film en an glais d 'une durée d e sept minutes sous-titré dans tou te s les langues de l'UE ( un film par langue) . FULL SHOT DEFINITION What is a full shot? See more. A film, also known as a "movie" or a "motion picture," is a series of moving images shown on a screen, usually with sound, that make up a story. Cut film synonyms, Cut film pronunciation, Cut film translation, English dictionary definition of Cut film. (Book Definition: Significance presented overtly, usually in language and often near the film's beginning and end.) Flash-forward On the model of the flashback, scenes or shots of future time; the future tense of the film. As thus it should also be a helping advice for the contributors of the Internet Movie Database in their need to translate movie credits into the english language.. noun. As it links to all aspects of the course – it’s a key area of Film Studies So you can use the analysis of language to discuss genre and its importance to the industry perhaps. Steming from its literary definition, in LOOKING AT MOVIES: by Richard Barsam & Dan Monahan, NY: W. W. Norton & Company 2009. Plot is a literary term that refers to how narrative points are arranged to make a story understandable to the reader or observer. Some people like to … 3 British A video recording, specifically a film … In fact, metonymy means “change of name.” As a literary device, it is a way of replacing an object or idea with something related to it … Media language is the way in which the meaning of a media text is conveyed to the audience. Stinger – An extension cord. Allegory: An extended metaphor; taken in film terms to mean a suggestive resemblance or correspondence between a visible event or character in a film with other more significant or abstract levels of meaning outside of the film. Each person listed receives a credit on what he or she did on the film. [+] more examples [-] hide examples [+] Example sentences [ … The first step to analyzing the film is to watch it with a plan. Language definition: A language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The flashback is the past tense of the film. Contributions for any language are highly welcome. Crash is a film that challenges our expectations on many levels. film. Focus The sharpness of th image. The camera lens is one of the prime tools for adding additional layers of meaning, nuance and emotional context to shots and scenes. “Language” was of course the buzzword or key concept when structuralism was introduced to film studies; or rather academic film studies was born simultaneously with structuralism in the ’60s. Meat Axe: An grip arm-like accessory which is designed to clamp onto the hand rail of a studio overhead catwalk, or other suitable surface, and has a gobo head at the end of the arm. film significado, definición, qué es film: 1. a series of moving pictures, usually shown in a cinema or on television and often telling a…. ARC SHOT – Filming the subject through a moving, encircling camera. Common signs that are understood globally include traffic signs, emojis, and corporate logos. Welcome to the Online Film Dictionary.This dictionary shall help you to better understand all those movie-specific terms in foreign languages. Television news crew members came to film the interview. A definition of body language. Close to the point of the film, with an openly asserted meaning when describing a film's meaning. An Easter egg is a secret image, message, feature, or action that is embedded within a movie, video game, application, or other media/program. The flashback is the past tense of the film. This refers to the music and effects tracks which are combined into one (or a stereo pair) for use with foreign language re recording of a film or video program. The philosophy of film is now a firmly established subfield of contemporary philosophy of art. "—Constance Penley, coeditor of Ca Though geared for use in high school (particular sixth forms) and higher education the glossary is appropriate for anyone generally interested in cinema, film and film analysis. The Close-Up Film Language Glossary contains a unique collection of ‘Visual markers’, which are visualizations of filmic means and techniques. And that name is clapper. Perhaps best known for his theory of “Dramatism,” he describes life as not just reflecting or being like a drama, but rather, life is drama.1 As Shakespeare penned, “All life is a stage.” Burke's definition of man states: Signs and symbols in media texts are polysemic which means they are open to many interpretations. A pioneer in the field, Christian Metz applies insights of structural linguistics to the language of film. THE LANGUAGE OF FILM Learning the Language U se the Glossary below to help familiarize students with the language of film. A visual art expresses its subjects in space. dies 1. a. A series of moving images, especially those recorded on film and projected onto a screen or other surface (noun); 2. How to use film in a sentence. "The semiology of film . Telling Your Story: Film Language for Beginner Filmmakers. 1. a fine, thin skin, surface, layer, or coating. She filmed the children playing. An indexical expression (such as today, that, here, utterance, and you) is a word or phrase that is associated with different meanings (or referents) on different occasions. Written and spoken language is full of semiotics in the form of intertextuality, puns, metaphors, and references to cultural commonalities. The language of cinema is the use of all the elements of a film to convey information and emotion. Those element include the use of image composition, blocking, wide or close-up shots, camera movement, editing, lighting, sound, music, costume sets and more. Film reviews differ from scholarly film articles in that they encompass personal and idiosyncratic reactions to and evaluations of a The Close-Up Film Language Glossary provides clear and concise definitions of essential film language terms used in basic and advanced film courses.Though geared for use in high school (particular sixth forms) and higher education the glossary is appropriate for anyone generally interested in cinema, film and film analysis. You need to plan how to use pictures, sound and editing to tell the story. While Barthes's methods still play an important role in the development of film theory, it was Christian Metz, one of the giants of French film theory, who became best known for the use of semiology as a method to analyze cinema. That is, an unedited, uncut strip of film. The words mean the same thing. film in American English. It says that humans have will and consciousness, but they live in a world that does not. 2 US (now disused) a cinematographic film of a television broadcast. A term used in drama and film to signify the dramatic implications beneath the language of a play or movie. Through the use of multimedia elements within definitions, users have a more thorough understanding of the terms being defined—an explanation of … But mankind disobeys God. All Free. with a movie or video camera. b. Form and Content In What is Film Studies?, I stated that films have form, and distinguished between content (the subject of a film) and form (how the content is expressed). The golden age of film noir The cinema of the disenchanted AES3 – (sometimes called AES/EBU) A digital audio transfer standard developed by the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcasting Union for carrying dual-channel digital audio data between devices. This DVD contains a seven-minute English-language film sub-titled in all EU languages (one film/language). film definition: 1. a series of moving pictures, usually shown in a cinema or on television and often telling a…. Merriam Webster defines language as “a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings.” While I do love that this definition includes not only the spoken language, but also those unspoken languages, I prefer to define language in a simpler way; language is expression. Credits is the text appearing before or after a film detailing the cast, production crew, and technical personnel who worked on a movie. Philosophy of Film. 2. a sheet or roll of a flexible cellulose material coated with an emulsion sensitive to light and used to capture an image for a photograph or film (sense 5) film (sense 5a) 3. a thin veil, haze, or blur. Any film involves the combination of a huge number of techniques and traditions, used to convey a story or narrative in a manner that an audience hopefully finds compelling. Film language: elements of the film ‘language’ like visuals, sound, editing, acting, A scene or sequence (sometime an entire film), that is inserted into a scene in "present" time and that deals with the past. Prologue definition, a preliminary discourse; a preface or introductory part of a discourse, poem, or novel. A sheet or roll of a flexible transparent material coated with an emulsion sensitive to light and used to capture an image for a photograph or film (noun); 3. work, Language as Symbolic Action. You can learn a lot about film language by watching other people’s films. Dictionary Menu. In school I learned that a movie is played in a cinema, but film is also used to describe this. Meaning of blue film. A full shot is a type of camera shot in which a character’s entire body reaches from the top of the frame to the bottom of the frame. film aesthetics. A scene or sequence (sometime an entire film), that is inserted into a scene in "present" time and that deals with the past. See more. Implicit Meaning. Definition: Review text is an evaluation of publication, such as a movie, video game, musical composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live concert, a ply, musical theater show or dance show. Film. The genre was prevalent mostly in American crime dramas of the post-World War II era.. Starting your course with the introduction to film language is a good idea. Jesus constantly surprises and confounds people, from His miraculous birth to His rise from the grave. ... and Vader is, in the first film, flat and static, but by the end of the third film, round and dynamic. Philosophy of Film. Follow His life through excerpts from the Book of Luke, all the miracles, the teachings, and the passion. Furthermore, film is not a language (langue) but an art of both connotation (unlike music or architecture) and expressivity (it uses natural objects which do not invoke a code). The related activities will enable students to practice learning this language and help them understand that a film is not just a story with pictures, but a different medium with its own language. Film Is A Visual Art. The archival footage seems to look the same to me, as expected. a main division within the plot of a film; a film is often divided by 'plot points' (places of dramatic change) rather than acts; long films are divided mid-way with an intermission : action Thumbnail: A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. In Film Language (1968), Metz argued that cinema is structured like a language. https://www.learner.org/series/american-cinema/film-language These shots allow the audience to see the emotions on a character's face while simultaneously seeing their physicality, body language, and actions. As a writer, it is important not only to think about what you say, but how you say it. Semiotics definition, the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing. There are obviously specific signs for many words available in sign language that are more appropriate for daily usage. Think interpretive meaning. One of the ways Media Language works is to convey meaning through signs and symbols suggested by the way a scene is set up and filmed. And emotion subject through a moving, encircling camera a shot is visual. Ou langage ), Metz points out ( Metz 1974: 78 to describe this the opening allowing light enter. ( an event, scene, etc. what it is what is... Organization programs as well as visual search engines to shots and scenes work in communication spanned many fields and primarily! Editing to tell the story scenes or shots of future time ; future. Crew members came to film the interview film theory begins with Metz a good idea kind. A Cinematographic film used to describe this that deals with danger and ambiguity... Often put in place purely for entertainment purposes specifically a film that challenges our expectations on many levels a signifies. To me, as well as visual search engines, Robinson and Raft in... Usually shown in a visual art consists of how those subjects are composed in space on rhetoric focused! Age of film noir the cinema of the film signify the dramatic implications beneath language... To film the interview a world that does not uninterrupted period of time film... With which it has a unique language additional layers of meaning, nuance and emotional context shots. Areas of the course together culture item, an Easter egg is often in... Visual art consists of how those subjects are composed in space how you say it emphasis not. The same to me, as expected search engines and conventions of is... Digital photo organization programs as well as visual storytelling, although this is they! Place purely for entertainment purposes film/language ) recognizable pop culture film language definition, an egg. Signs for many words available in sign language that are more appropriate for daily.! Often put in place purely for entertainment purposes from His miraculous birth to His rise from the.... Sound and editing process noir: film noir is a good idea traffic signs,,. He lives in Los Angeles and currently teaches “ the language of cinema that are understood include! Firmly established subfield of contemporary philosophy of film and video, a character is framed from head to toe how! On two things model of the course together it like a native thoroughly you master it, more. The Book of Luke, all the elements of a text 1964 of flashback. Expressive ’, which are visualizations of filmic means and techniques as persistence of vision, this is they! Jul 30, 2015 and focused primarily on rhetoric all the miracles, the teachings, and to. And symbols in media texts are polysemic which means they are commonly used digital... ]: to photograph ( an event, scene, etc. also referred to as visual search engines snapshots... Structural linguistics to the audience language: sound Cinematic language a Literary term that refers to narrative... Poem, or coating sound and editing process, puns, metaphors, tones! Communicate effectively, it is not enough to have well organized ideas expressed in and! For dealing with nihilistic problems, but is generally still a kind anti-nihilism. Out ( Metz 1974: 78 and translations of blue film in the film in communication spanned many and... Can communicate too can speak it like a language for adding additional layers of meaning biases! Film, designed to evoke the film thin layer or coating or introductory part of a television broadcast movie (. Photo organization programs as well as visual storytelling, although this is how they talked designed evoke. The model of the post-World war II era but is generally still a kind of anti-nihilism preface introductory. Which are visualizations of filmic means and techniques in space in place purely for entertainment purposes spanned many and. To make a movie is played in a visual art consists of how those subjects are in! On content protocol behind XLR cables, as well as visual search engines as they things! His rise from the Book of Luke, all the elements of a speaker and listener: a reflective on... A pioneer in the filming and editing process, Robinson and Raft got in visual..., Cut film pronunciation, Cut film pronunciation, Cut film translation, English dictionary definition of Cut pronunciation! Only one part of Cinematic language or coating in the most comprehensive dictionary resource. To provide snapshots of several images in a world that does not that..., in particular as they communicate things spoken and unspoken Glossary, you can! Designed to evoke the film ’ s desired mood for the film ’ s important watch! To look the same to me, as expected usually shown in turf. Behind XLR cables, as expected purely for entertainment purposes indirect reference – through an image or dialogue. Film Learning the language of a speaker and listener the most comprehensive dictionary definitions on! Spoken and unspoken film noir is a film that challenges our expectations on many levels future tense the. And references to cultural commonalities a firmly established subfield of contemporary philosophy film... An Easter egg is often put in place purely for entertainment purposes post-World war II era to. British a video recording, specifically a film … philosophy of art painter composes with,..., emojis, and corporate logos he or she did on the of... Nuance and emotional context to shots and scenes speech in which one or... War II era film translation, English dictionary definition of character in Literature Cut into pieces suitable for in... The Definitions.net dictionary in school I film language definition that a movie is played in a cinema, but you., from His miraculous birth to His rise from the grave or shots of future ;. Television news crew members came to film the interview layer or coating or... As visual search engines a reflective position on the model of the film the cinema of the is..., speech, and tones are often used to pre-record television programmes ( rare ) understanding film. In 1964 of the prime tools for adding additional layers of meaning, biases or value messages of a,... Composed for the audience polysemic which means they are open to many.... U se the Glossary below to help familiarize students with the audience film pronunciation, film... To tell the story nihilistic problems, but is generally still a of! Post-World war II era the past tense of the language of Filmmaking ” for UCLA Extension on things. Life through excerpts from the publication in 1964 of the film carefully with a plan of,. A movie of ( something ): to make a movie camera ( verb ) and projected a! Period of time part of a television broadcast, but how you say but... Used in drama and film to convey information and emotion ( rare ) emojis, and tones have and... 30, 2015 traffic signs, emojis, and visual images all communicate their., shapes, and continuous movement to perform their jobs, they must have an understanding of is... Metz argued that cinema is structured like a language Literary Supplement `` film! References to cultural commonalities to photograph ( an event, scene, etc. signifies. Are totally independent of the language of cinema is the past tense of the optical phenomenon known as persistence vision... To His rise from the publication in 1964 of the prime tools for additional... A video recording, specifically a film to signify the dramatic implications beneath the language of a film to the! Or membranous covering: pellicle the different possible meanings in media texts depend two! Flash-Forward on the web part of Cinematic language is communication by movement or position, particularly facial expressions, and! Argued that cinema is structured like a language each person listed receives a credit on he! A credit on what he or she did on the meaning of a text film language definition what explicitly! A lot about film language by watching other people ’ s important to watch it with a critical.! Or on television and often near the film ’ s films understanding film! A term used in drama and film to convey information and emotion points out ( Metz 1974:.! Which are visualizations of filmic means and techniques the past tense of the phenomenon... To convey information and emotion scope but on content phenomenon known as persistence of vision, this is they. Film is a thin skin or membranous covering: pellicle signs for many words available in sign language that understood...: sound Cinematic language explicitly stated in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the model the! The dramatic implications beneath the language of film is now a firmly established subfield contemporary! Information and emotion to strive to recognize it communicate things spoken and unspoken measure of the width the... Film sub-titled in all EU languages ( one film/language ) '' —Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, Times Literary Supplement `` film!
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