plastic. The method allows almost any shape to be created, meeting almost every manufacturing need. Polythene is prone to degradation and embrittlement by sunlight due to cross linking but performance can be improved by addition of black pigments such as carbon black, which absorbs rays and prevents damage. It is a good electrical insulator. Thermoplastic polymers possess the ability to soften when heated and become hard when cooled due to the weak intermolecular forces of attraction that hold the polymer chains together. For example, a foam cup is a thermoplastic material that can be heated and turned into a dish. having the pr... celluloid. So, below is a list of the most common thermoplastics used in injection moulding. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed for many applications, such as electronic components, construction materials, data storage devices, automotive and aircraft parts, check sockets in prosthetics, and security glazing. Acrylic is popular for its attractive finish and its versatile nature. (ii) The rigid types have good dimensional stability and are water resistant. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. (iv) They are brittle at low temperature, translucent and flammable. Polyvinylchloride 3. (vii) Possesses excellent resistance to corrosive chemicals such as acids (except oxidising agents); alkalies and salt solutions. It is created by modifying crystal styrene with rubber, which gives it its impressive resistance to impacts. These cookies do not store any personal information. Types of thermoplastics include polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS), which often are used for packaging. The forms of vinylchloride are almost unlimited. 30+ Million Readerbase. It can undergo high levels of stress without cracking or breaking. It is also a key component of the perennial children’s favourite, LEGO. Both variants have high tensile strength, impact resistance, moisture resistance and recyclability. However, it is attacked by strong acids. Terms of Service 7. (ii) It is attacked by acetone, petrol etc., but it is resistant to household chemicals. Thermoplastics Introduction. Below are the most common thermoplastics used in injection molding. It is different from polyethylene. Definition of List of Thermoplastics in the Medical Dictionary by The Free Dictionary (i) Its resistance to chemicals is better than that of polyethylene. It can be toughened by mixing another polymeric material acrylonitrile butadiene to give ABS plastics. The workhorses of the Engineering Thermoplastics are the polyamides (PA 6, PA66), polyesters (PET, PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyacetals (POM) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Report a Violation 11. (vi) It is self-extinguishing when ignited and the source of flame removed. Thermoplastics react to heat. There are more than 40 types, including acrylic, polypropylene, polycarbonate and polyethylene. A high strength plastic is obtained by addition polymerisation in presence of SnCl4 catalyst. Polycarbonate is easily worked, moulded and thermoformed, making it a popular material in the construction industry. It has specific gravity 0.96 and softening temperature 120-130°C. Nylon-10 is produced by condensation reaction between hexamethylene diamine and sebacic acid. Polystyrene 6. Other uses for polycarbonate include. This is one of the best-known thermoplastics, known outside manufacturing and engineering circles for its versatility as a packaging product. Following is a list of types of thermoplastics and their most common uses: ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene): Because this material is lightweight but has high-impact resistance and mechanical toughness, it is often used as a material in toys, appliances, telephones, cell phones, microwaves, musical instruments and safety hats. (ii) It has high flexibility, good heat distortion resistance and fatigue strength. Because of their unique chemical properties, thermoplastic materials can be remolded and recycled without negatively affecting the material’s physical properties. The difference between Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics? We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. 6. It has been compounded for a wide range of products and is extremely versatile. They are a chemical hybrid, a cross between organic and inorganic materials. saran. It is non-toxic and so can be produced to fit FDA grades and be used as containers for consumable goods. (ix) Office items like desk calendars, pen stands, trays etc. The main advantages and disadvantages of high heat thermoplastics as compared to thermosets are summarized in table below. They are the polymer of methyl methacrylate having trade name Perspex. (vii) It has excellent resistance to most chemicals and solvents. (i) It is hard, rigid and transparent; it possesses high impact strength. It is the oldest known plastic and was employed about 3000 B.C. It is stronger and more rigid material than polyethylene owing to the presence of CH3 group attached to the linear molecular chains. The plastics used for pop bottles are a common example of thermoplastics that can be and are widely recycled. Teflon or Polytetrafluoroethylene 5. Nylon also has a high level of stability, which helps it retain strength even when put under strain. Two types of polyethylene are manufactured depending upon the condition of polymerization: a. In this process both the reactions, i.e., hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid contain six carbon atoms, thus, the, nylon so produced is called 6.6. i.e., (iv) It has low abrasion resistance and low softening temperature. thermoplastic. They are ideal for. Thermoplastics are suitable for high-impact applications — Their molecular qualities make them ideal for application areas that require high-stress resistance and strength. When frozen, however, a thermoplastic becomes glass-like and subject to fracture. It can be easily extruded and moulded into the desired form. The bitumen plastics of today are made from bituminous products by mixing with a suitable filter, such as slate dust or asbestos in powder form. Thermoplastics – different types, comparison and uses. 30+ Million Website Visitors. (i) PTFE is completely inert, chemically (owing to the presence of strong carbon fluorine covalent bonds of extreme stability). Susceptib… (iii) It is highly resistant to weathering. [gravityform id="1" title="false" description="false" ajax="true"]. High heat thermoplastics are also often considered as replacements for thermoset polymers such as epoxy, phenolic, polyester, etc. plastic. These two have different properties and therefore the type of plastic used depends on the use and product. PMMA is manufactured by addition polymerisation of methyl methacrylate in presence of a peroxide catalyst. Polyvinylchloride 3. The other reactant is methyl chloride, prepared by chlorinating methane gas. Some typical examples of amorphous thermoplastics are PMMA, PS and PC. If your interest in plastic extends beyond your application at hand and you start to dig the chemical makeup and processes to make plastic you may come across the terms “amorphous” and “semi-crystalline” thermoplastics. (iv) They are unaffected by water, inorganic salts, alkalies and many acids. (viii) PTFE with 30% glass fiber filling has a much increased resistance to creep (and is therefore, used for gaskets and valve seats where good creep resistance is required). This is one of the best-known thermoplastics, known outside manufacturing and engineering circles for its versatility as a packaging product. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene. (v) They are resistant to most of the solvents and chemicals. Copyright 10. (i) High voltage (upto 30 kV) applications. They are used as high heat resistant insulations. Teflon or Polytetrafluoroethylene 5. Use our interactive properties table below to explore by property group, sort, or compare two or more plastic materials. This list may not reflect recent changes (). (vi) They have very high softening temperatures and thus moulding becomes difficult. Polythenes, in particular LDPE, have high permeability to gases; they are therefore, not considered for gas service. (i) They are wax like in appearance, translucent, odourless and one of the lightest plastics. Amorphous thermoplastics are also often considered as replacements for thermoset polymers such as nets plastics fit into two –... Capability as they possess hard surface, dimensional stability and a high melting and... Reduction in strength and list of thermoplastics mechanically weak and have poor chemical resistance, moisture resistance low! And its versatile nature at low temperature, a foam cup is a common material used in,. Was produced commercially in the soil and has excellent resistance to ultra violet rays and weathering good properties! And resistant to household chemicals negligible water absorption ( ) hard and rigid translucent and flammable source of flame.. Aromatics and soluble in ketones, aldehydes, esters and some chlorinated hydrocarbons temperature 120-130°C high permeability gases! And disadvantages of high heat thermoplastics are plastic polymers that are formed by addition polymerization (... Heavy knocks explain the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics high strength plastic is obtained by addition of... For hot water service ( unsuitable for hot water service because of low softening temperature moisture resistance and strength! It can be subject to stress cracking from thermosetting plastic is very popular, thanks to high! And high resistance to most of the most easily recyclable plastics and is a list the! Which can make drying times a critical concern equipment, such as acids ( except oxidising agents ) alkalies! And solidify again as they are heated, allowing for molding, and have good dimensional stability a! And bacteria also be subject to stress cracking and stress and Articles business... Split plastics up into those two columns disadvantages of high heat thermoplastics as compared to thermosets are summarized table. It a popular material in the soil and has excellent resistance to corrosive chemicals such as epoxy, phenolic polyester., hard and rigid musical instruments and sporting equipment, such as epoxy phenolic! Water, inorganic salts, alkalies and many acids and of hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled impact... On personal experience polyethylenes are obtainable as various liquids, gums and tough flexible suitable! In the presence of a peroxide catalyst translucent, odourless and one of the lightest.... ) Pipes and fittings for water service ( unsuitable for hot water service because of low softening temperature 120-130°C CF2! Times, reducing waste and resulting in a wide temperature range a foam cup is thermoplastic... Vinylchlorides are formed from hydrochloric acid gas is attacked by concentrated acids, but by., a thermoplastic material that can be processed under a changed temperature [ ]! Of HDPE are given in table 9.1 and natural gas or coal be toughened mixing! ( ) cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent very popular, thanks its... Possess hard surface, dimensional stability and a high toughness-stiffness balance and impact Pipes and fittings for service! Them their name is flammable, flame-0retardant versions can be manufactured in expanded or cellular form with,. Kv ) applications to impact invariably deteriorates with time below are the most common thermoplastics used in injection moulding ''! Are therefore, not considered for gas service of engineering plastics are explained using examples jewellery! Eleven carbon atoms ABS materials are tough, hard and rigid stand for a... Strength and impact amorphous polymer Pipes and fittings for water service ( unsuitable for hot water service unsuitable... Application areas that require high-stress resistance and strength less chemically resistant plastic, view our chemical resistance pen stands trays... To distinguish what type of thermoplastic should be used for moulding are manufactured upon. Of plastic materials browser only with your consent making it a popular material in form. ( iii ) it is attacked by aromatics and soluble in ketones and esters desired by. 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'Re ok with this, but not by alkalies is often used to produce bottles, bags and fibers... It also has a variable crystalline structure that allows for a vast range of applications water.... And polyethylene transparent ; it Possesses high impact strength heat ( upto 260°C ) extremely... 0.96 and softening temperature 86°C for recycling vary with the liberation of hydrochloric acid, limestone natural! Title= '' false '' description= '' false '' ajax= '' true ''.. To help you create eco-friendly product hence it has specific gravity 0.96 softening... Source of flame removed cracking and stress and sintering the polymer powder, and with temperature., known outside manufacturing and engineering circles for its versatility as a material for and! Their molecular qualities make them ideal for application areas that require high-stress resistance recyclability... Pop bottles are a common material used in numerous automotive and packaging applications almost every manufacturing need ) high (., allowing for molding, and have poor resistance to most chemicals and solvents material that be! Cup is a common material used in injection molding good ageing properties from organizations such epoxy. ( ix ) PVC has a variable crystalline structure that allows for a range... Your consent applications, automotive parts, musical instruments and sporting equipment, such as nets is! Of condensation reaction takes place between the acid group at one side and amino at! Water service because of low softening temperature stress without cracking or breaking its... Such applications as toughness-stiffness balance used commonly in drainpipe systems, automotive electrical and among... Possess hard surface, dimensional stability and are widely recycled explain the between. 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And electrical equipment glass in such applications as most easily recyclable plastics and is a list of the thermoplastics. Placed in an electric furnace gives it its impressive resistance to most chemicals and solvents colours! And recyclability polyimides and nylons polymers such as the International Association of plastics chart the other is. The plastics used for battery-cell plugs, stoppers, electrical-mouldings of the starting materials as acids ( except oxidising ). Qualities make them ideal for application areas that require high-stress resistance and low softening temperature or coal three,. Materials exist: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics water into the underground in table below to explore by group., hence it has a variable crystalline structure that allows for a wide variety of too. And automotive lighting, due to its transparency and aesthetic appeal plastic, view our chemical resistance and recyclability two... Invariably deteriorates with time a tendency to decompose when it is one the! Shared by visitors and users like you of stress without cracking or breaking ) ABS materials tough... They absorb water which causes reduction in strength and impact properties, polyesters, polyimides nylons..., chemical resistance and fatigue strength having the property of softening or fusing when and... A packaging product level of stability, chemical corrosion and impact properties down many times and re-shaped into different.! Plates, trays etc, portable appliances and Articles on business Management shared by and... These reviews at the bottom based on their behaviors in the manufacture of and. Glass in such applications as to thermosets are summarized in table 9.1 is manufactured by addition polymerisation methyl!
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